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Classification of Antibiotics. Modern classification of antibiotics. Antibiotics are characterized by the mechanism of action, chemical structure, antimicrobial spectrum, type of action on the cell. Given the mechanism of action of antibiotics are divided into three main groups: synthesis inhibitors of the cell wall of the microorganism (penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and others); antibiotics that violate the molecular organization of cell membrane function (polymyxin, nystatin, levorin, amphotericin B, etc.); antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis and nucleic acids, in particular, inhibitors of protein synthesis at the level of ribosomes (chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincomycin, aminoglycosides), and inhibitors of RNA polymerase (rifampin), etc. On chemical structure identify the following groups of antibiotics: beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, etc.), aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline; fuzidin; ansamakrolidy (rifampicin), polymyxins, polyenes, macrolides and others.

Depending on the type of impact on microbial cell antibiotics are classified into two groups: bactericidal (penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, rifampin, and polymyxins, etc.); bacteriostatic (macrolides, tetracyclines, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, etc.). For infectious disease clinician is particularly important to know the spectrum of antimicrobial action of antibiotics, since it is determined by taking into account the choice of antibiotic.

The spectrum of antimicrobial action antibiotics are divided into groups following should be taken: Drugs that act mainly on Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci (staphylococci, streptococci, meningococci, gonococci), some gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Clostridium). These medications include benzylpenicillin, bitsillina, dentists, penitsillinazoustoychivye penicillins (oxacillin, methicillin), cephalosporins 1-th generation, macrolides, vancomycin, lincomycin. Broad-spectrum antibiotics active against gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli: chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, semisynthetic broad-spectrum penicillin (ampicillin, azlocillin, and others) and cephalosporins 2 nd generation. Antibiotics with a predominant activity against Gram-negative bacilli (polymyxins, Cephalosporins third generation). Anti-TB antibiotics (streptomycin, rifampicin, florimitsin). Antifungal antibiotics (nystatin, levorin, griseofulvin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, ankotil, Diflucan, and others). Order viagra plus online.

The above-mentioned properties in the ground and dictate the choice of antibiotic for the treatment of infectious diseases. At the same time necessarily taken into account pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug, individual patient characteristics (age, immune status, comorbidities, etc.)

The effectiveness of antibiotic treatment at the present their nomination is largely determined by the following factors: etiologic diagnosis, clinical diagnosis of nosological forms of infectious diseases, the release of the agent with the subsequent determination of its sensitivity to antibiotics; selection of the most active and at the same time the least toxic drug for the individual patient; determining the optimal dose of the antibiotic, the method of administration for the creation of concentration at the source of infection is 2-3 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the microbe; knowledge and taking into account possible adverse reactions to antibiotics; application of the relevant testimony combination of drugs to enhance their spectrum of action and / or enhance the antimicrobial effect.