General health

Biological aspect, essential for the concept of health - congenital and acquired the ability to adequately adapt to the constantly and rapidly changing natural, industrial and social conditions of the environment while maintaining physical and mental well-being. Medical aspect is based more on areas related to the installation of risk factors, diagnosis, establish the etiology, pathogenesis of disease and restoring health. Biological and medical aspects are different, but they are interrelated: the state of health and illness limited the state of tension that develops as a result of the activation process of adaptation, and use body reserves. It is a struggle for the maintenance and restoration of health, the use of physiological responses as a weapon in this fight.

The ratio between the active force and ability to protect determines the result: the restoration of health or disease progression. When the ability to protect lost, then the pathological mechanisms are activated, bringing the local or general patofenomen. Ability to fight for the maintenance or restoration of health can be summarized in the term "adaptation reserves" - designed to ensure: normal life processes, despite the changes in body functions or in the external environment; adaptive changes in cellular structures, the number of enzyme molecules in order to achieve sustainable and continuous adaptation to the chronic action of the stimulus. Disease - opposed to health. However, health can not be without a "minor illness". Minor illness is necessary for health, but this condition does not exhaust the essence of health.

Discussing the concept of human health, should also stay on the definition of health. Among the multitude of various definitions, including WHO (Charter, 1946), we believe the most constructive, ie: health - it is the body's ability to overcome the disadvantage of self-preservation and self-development. On the proposal of IP Pavlova, the living organism as a system exists among the natural environment only through continuous balancing of the system in falling on it from outside stimuli. That is why the human population living in for many generations in different climatic and geographical regions have differences in anthropometric and in physiological characteristics, the structure of proteins, the genetic apparatus of cells, the antigenic structure of tissues. Significant phenotypic variability is most clearly seen in regions with extreme environmental conditions. This indicates that the biogeochemical conditions of the environment are certainly important physiological heterogeneity found among healthy people. The main health indicators are morbidity, mortality, and its derivative - the average life expectancy, disability, and the frequency of deviations from the norm of biological parameters that increase the risk of major chronic diseases.

The problem of studying health is relevant, since it considers the possibility of adaptation to the impacts of various environmental factors. In our view, it is important to study the effects of extreme factors on the human body. Of particular importance is the phenomenon with respect to employees who perform specific tasks in a combat situation. For high reliability of the staff of a high level of occupational health, which is represented as a process of preservation and development of regulatory properties of the body (physical, mental, physical, and social components) to ensure career longevity. Therefore, the adaptability of an organism represents one of the fundamental properties of Occupational Health. First of all, we should determine what adaptive capacity - a stock of functional reserves, which are constantly being spent on maintaining a balance between the organism and the environment. At any time there is a positive and a negative balance of functional resources in relation to some average of their level. The average level of functional resources, in turn, also changes with time. You can select daily and seasonal fluctuations of the functional resources, but no less significant are age-related changes.

State of the whole organism is determined by the optimal control actions, their ability to provide the balance of the organism with the environment and its adaptation to the conditions of existence. Of adaptive activity requires energy and information in connection with which one can speak of "price" of adaptation, which is determined by the degree of voltage regulation mechanisms and the value expended functional reserves. It should be noted that under the functional reserves are understood regulatory adaptive potentialities of the organism, which are determined not only and not so much inventory of substrates, the presence of many potential mechanisms for their implementation in intelligent adaptive functional systems. In this case, the target of the search are no signs and symptoms of disease in the familiar classification of diseases of organs and tissues, and disorders of systemic organization of the major physiological functions. Normal state of life characterized by the presence of relative equilibrium reactions of the organism with the environment while maintaining homeostasis in living systems.